Table Of Contents

CHAPTER 1: Pain and Affect: Concepts and Definitions
        Pain-Related Phenomena
                Tissue Damage
                Nociception
                Sensation
                Perception
                Cognition
                Affect
                Motivation
                Behavior
        Affective Phenomena
                Emotion
                Mood
                Temperament and Personality
                State Versus Trait Affect
                Affective Disorder
                Unpleasantness, Suffering, Distress
        Summary
 
 
CHAPTER 2: Interactions Between Pain and Affect
        Pain Affect Interactions
                Affect as Correlate of Pain
                Affect as Predisposing Factor in Pain
                Affect as Precipitating Factor in Pain
                Affect as Exacerbating Factor in Pain
                Affect as Consequence of Pain
                Affect as Perpetuating Factor in Pain
        Pain and the Core of Negative Affect
        Summary
 
 
CHAPTER 3: Anxiety and Pain
        Definition and Conceptualization
        Epidemiology
                Anxiety by Type of Pain
                Anxiety in Pain of Life-Threatening Illnesses
                Anxiety in Other Painful Clinical Conditions
                Anxiety in Experimental Pain
                Is Anxiety Ubiquitous?
                Comorbidity
                Demographic Factors
                Anxiety in Patients With Presumed Pain
        Significance of Anxiety in Pain Sufferers
        Interactions
                Anxiety as a Correlate of Pain
                Anxiety Predisposing Pain
                Anxiety Precipitating Pain
                Anxiety Aggravating Pain
                Anxiety Perpetuating Pain
                Pain Causing Anxiety
        Mechanisms
        Assessment of Anxiety in Pain Sufferers
        Treatment of Anxiety in Pain Sufferers
                Psychological Interventions
                        Information
                        Attention-Diversion
                        Thought-Stopping
                        Cognitive Reappraisal
                        Respiratory Regulation
                        Muscle Relaxation
                        Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation
                        Touch and Massage
                        Music
                        Hypnosis
                        Systematic Desensitization
                        Stress Inoculation
                        Integrated Treatments
                Pharmaceutical Interventions
        Conclusion
 
 
CHAPTER 4: Depression and Pain
        Definition and Conceptualization
                Depressive Features
                Depression as an Associated/Defining Feature of Chronic Pain
        Epidemiology
                The Course of Depression in Pain Sufferers
                Prevalence of Depression in Pain
                Depression in the Community
                Depression in Medical Populations
                Pain Patients Versus Medical Populations
                        Non-referred pain sufferers
                        Patients referred to pain clinics
                        Consecutive referrals to pain clinics
                        Psychiatric referrals
                More Depressed Than the Depressed?
                Depression by Pain Type
                        Head pain
                        Back pain
                        Miscellaneous pain syndromes
                        Acute versus chronic pain
                        Organic versus functional pain
                Depressives With Pain
                Gender Differences in Depression Among Pain Patients
                Age Differences in Depression Among Pain Patients
                Cultural Variables in Depression Among Pain Patients
                Epidemiological Conclusions and Issues for Further Research
        Significance
                Health Care Utilization
                Functional Impairment
                Mortality
        Interactions
                Depression as Correlate of Pain
                Depression Predisposing Pain
                Depression Precipitating Pain
                Depression Aggravating Pain
                Depression Perpetuation Pain
                Pain Causing Depression
                Pain as a Symptom of Depression (Masked Depression)
                Miscellaneous Interactions
        Mechanisms
                Genetic Family Studies
                Symptom Overlap
                Common Biological Markers
                Common Personality Traits
                Cognitive Styles
                Cognitive Distortions
                Diathesis-Stress Theory
                Life Interference
                Helplessness
                Reinforcement Contingencies
        Assessment of Depression in Pain Sufferers
                Depression Scales
                Depression Subscales
                Structured Interviews & Misc. Depression Instruments
        Measurements Issues
                Diagnosis
                DSM and the Problem of Overlapping Symptoms
                BDI, CES-D
                MMPI
                Cultural Appropriateness
                Diagnostic Documentation
                Retrospective Data
                Pain Measurement
                Other Diagnoses
                Other Conditions, Other Symptoms, Overall Morbidity
        Treatment of Depression in Pain Sufferers
                Psychological Treatment
                        Psychodynamic therapy
                        Cognitive reappraisal and restructuring
                        Behavior modification
                        Experiential and emotive therapy
                        Exercise
                Pharmacological Treatment
                        Analgesic effects of antidepressants
                        Mood-elevating effects of antidepressants
                        Side effects
                        Other problems/questions
                Integrated Treatment
                Treatment Responsiveness and Prognosis
        Conclusion
 
 
CHAPTER 5: Anger and Pain
        Definition and Conceptualization
                Anger: A Classical Definition
                Psychological Perspectives on Anger
                Related Concepts
        Epidemiology
                Presence of Anger in Chronic Illness
                Prevalence of Anger in Chronic Pain
                Gender Differences in Anger Among Pain Patients
                Denial of Anger Feelings
                Inhibited Expression of Anger
                Comorbidity of Anger With Other Affective Types
        Significance
                Inhibited Anger in the Etiology of Pain
                Inhibited Anger in the Etiology of Depression
                Consequences for Interpersonal Relations
                Consequences of Angry States on Physical Health
                Consequences for Health Habits and Life Style
                Consequences for Pain Treatment Outcome
        Interactions
                Anger as Correlate of Pain
                Anger Predisposing Pain
                Anger Precipitating Pain
                Anger Aggravating Pain
                Anger Perpetuating Pain
                Anger Causing Pain
        Mechanisms
                Appraisal Mechanisms
                Centrally Hardwired Anger
                Anger and the Peripheral Nervous System
        Assessment of Anger and Hostility
                Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI)
                Overcontrolled-Hostility Scale (O-H Scale)
                Hostility & Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ)
                Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Ho Scale)
                Anger Self-Report (ASR)
                Reaction Inventory (RI)
                Anger Inventory (AI)
                Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI)
                State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)
                Targets & Reasons for Anger in Pain Sufferers (TRAPS)
                Behavioral Observations
                Self-Monitoring
                An Integrated Assessment Approach
        Measurement Issues
        Treatment of Anger in Pain Sufferers
                Psychological Treatment
                        Cognitive Reappraisal
                        Behavior Modification
                        Affective Remediation
                Integrated Treatment
                        CBT package
                        CBAT
                Treatment Responsiveness and Prognosis
        Conclusion
 
 
CHAPTER 6: Conclusions and Future Considerations
        Anxiety and Pain
        Depression and Pain
        Anger and Pain
        Future Considerations